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Docker是一个开源的软件部署工具，是轻量级的应用容器框架，它可以让创建和管理 CentOS容器变得简单。容器就像是轻量级的虚拟机，并且可以以毫秒级的速度来启动或停止。Docker 帮助系统管理员和程序员在容器中开发应用程序，并且可以扩展到成千上万的节点。容器和 VM（虚拟机）的主要区别是，容器提供了基于进程的隔离，而虚拟机提供了资源的完全隔离。虚拟机可能需要一分钟来启动，而容器只需要一秒钟或更短。容器使用宿主操作系统的内核，而虚拟机使用独立的内核。docker可以打包、发布、运行任何的应用。 Docker 的局限性之一是，它只能用在 64 位的操作系统上。
1、centos7.0+中Docker 软件包已经包括在默认的 CentOS-Extras 软件源里
因此想要安装 docker，只需要运行下面的 yum 命令：
[root@localhost ~]# yum install docker
一路 Y
安装成功返回
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
base | 3.6 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
nginx | 2.9 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
(1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 160 kB 00:00
(2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.5 MB 00:11
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.sina.cn
* extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.sina.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package docker.x86_64 0:1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: docker-common = 1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10 for package: docker-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: oci-systemd-hook >= 1:0.1.4-4 for package: docker-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: oci-register-machine >= 1:0-1.7 for package: docker-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: docker-selinux >= 1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10 for package: docker-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package docker-common.x86_64 0:1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10 will be installed
---> Package docker-selinux.x86_64 0:1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10 will be installed
---> Package oci-register-machine.x86_64 1:0-1.7.git31bbcd2.el7 will be installed
---> Package oci-systemd-hook.x86_64 1:0.1.4-4.git41491a3.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
================================================================================
Installing:
docker x86_64 1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10 extras 9.5 M
Installing for dependencies:
docker-common x86_64 1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10 extras 61 k
docker-selinux x86_64 1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10 extras 78 k
oci-register-machine x86_64 1:0-1.7.git31bbcd2.el7 extras 929 k
oci-systemd-hook x86_64 1:0.1.4-4.git41491a3.el7 extras 27 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 11 M
Installed size: 48 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/5): docker-common-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64.rpm | 61 kB 00:00
(2/5): oci-systemd-hook-0.1.4-4.git41491a3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 27 kB 00:00
(3/5): docker-selinux-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64.rpm | 78 kB 00:02
(4/5): oci-register-machine-0-1.7.git31bbcd2.el7.x86_64.rp | 929 kB 00:03
(5/5): docker-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64.rpm | 9.5 MB 00:09
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.2 MB/s | 11 MB 00:09
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : 1:oci-register-machine-0-1.7.git31bbcd2.el7.x86_64 1/5
Installing : docker-selinux-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64 2/5
Installing : 1:oci-systemd-hook-0.1.4-4.git41491a3.el7.x86_64 3/5
Installing : docker-common-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64 4/5
Installing : docker-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64 5/5
Verifying : docker-common-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64 1/5
Verifying : docker-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64 2/5
Verifying : 1:oci-systemd-hook-0.1.4-4.git41491a3.el7.x86_64 3/5
Verifying : docker-selinux-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10.x86_64 4/5
Verifying : 1:oci-register-machine-0-1.7.git31bbcd2.el7.x86_64 5/5
Installed:
docker.x86_64 0:1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10
Dependency Installed:
docker-common.x86_64 0:1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10
docker-selinux.x86_64 0:1.10.3-46.el7.centos.10
oci-register-machine.x86_64 1:0-1.7.git31bbcd2.el7
oci-systemd-hook.x86_64 1:0.1.4-4.git41491a3.el7
Complete!
2、启动 Docker 服务
安装完成后，使用下面的命令来启动 docker 服务，
[root@localhost ~]# service docker start
返回：
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start docker.service
将其设置为开机启动：
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig docker on
3、下载官方的 CentOS 镜像到本地
镜像下载比较慢，要耐心的等待...
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos
返回：
Using default tag: latest Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ... latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/centos 3d8673bd162a: Pull complete Digest: sha256:a66ffcb73930584413de83311ca11a4cb4938c9b2521d331026dad970c19adf4 Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/centos:latest
4、确认 CentOS 镜像已经被获取：
[root@localhost ~]# docker images centos
返回：
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/centos latest 970633036444 2 weeks ago 196.7 MB
5、运行一个 Docker 容器：
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash [root@8f304ef2e3a0 /]#
我们可以看到，CentOS 容器已经被启动，并且我们得到了 bash 提示符。在 docker 命令中我们使用了 “-i 捕获标准输入输出”和 “-t 分配一个终端或控制台”选项。若要断开与容器的连接，输入 exit。
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash [root@8f304ef2e3a0 /]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@8f304ef2e3a0 /]# exit exit [root@localhost ~]#
6、搜索基于 Fedora 和 Ubuntu 操作系统的容器
搜索Fedora
[root@localhost ~]# docker search ubuntu
返回：
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED docker.io docker.io/ubuntu Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s... 4473 [OK] docker.io docker.io/ubuntu-upstart Upstart is an event-based replacement for ... 65 [OK] docker.io docker.io/rastasheep/ubuntu-sshd Dockerized SSH service, built on top of of... 31 [OK] docker.io docker.io/torusware/speedus-ubuntu Always updated official Ubuntu docker imag... 27 [OK] docker.io docker.io/ubuntu-debootstrap debootstrap --variant=minbase --components... 25 [OK] docker.io docker.io/nickistre/ubuntu-lamp LAMP server on Ubuntu 8 [OK] docker.io docker.io/nuagebec/ubuntu Simple always updated Ubuntu docker images... 7 [OK] docker.io docker.io/nimmis/ubuntu This is a docker images different LTS vers... 5 [OK] docker.io docker.io/maxexcloo/ubuntu Docker base image built on Ubuntu with Sup... 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/admiringworm/ubuntu Base ubuntu images based on the official u... 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/darksheer/ubuntu Base Ubuntu Image -- Updated hourly 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/jordi/ubuntu Ubuntu Base Image 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/seetheprogress/ubuntu Ubuntu image provided by seetheprogress us... 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/croscon/ubuntu Crosconized Ubuntu 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/datenbetrieb/ubuntu custom flavor of the official ubuntu base ... 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/dorapro/ubuntu ubuntu image 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/esycat/ubuntu Ubuntu LTS 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/konstruktoid/ubuntu Ubuntu base image 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/life360/ubuntu Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s... 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/lynxtp/ubuntu https://github.com/lynxtp/docker-ubuntu 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/smartentry/ubuntu ubuntu with smartentry 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/teamrock/ubuntu TeamRock's Ubuntu image configured with AW... 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/ustclug/ubuntu ubuntu image for docker with USTC mirror 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/webhippie/ubuntu Docker images for ubuntu 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/widerplan/ubuntu Our basic Ubuntu images. 0 [OK]
搜索基于Ubuntu
[root@localhost ~]# docker search fedora
返回：
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED docker.io docker.io/fedora Official Docker builds of Fedora 406 [OK] docker.io docker.io/dockingbay/fedora-rust Trusted build of Rust programming language... 3 [OK] docker.io docker.io/gluster/gluster-fedora Official GlusterFS image [ Fedora 21 + Glu... 3 [OK] docker.io docker.io/eminguez/transmission-fedora Transmission Fedora (fedora:latest) docker... 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/startx/fedora Simple container used for all startx based... 2 [OK] docker.io docker.io/dasrick/fedora-nginx NGINX image - port 80, 443 - based on Fedo... 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/mattsch/fedora-rpmfusion Base container for Fedora with RPM Fusion ... 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/neroinc/fedora-apache Plain and simple image with Apache httpd b... 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/pacur/fedora-22 Pacur Fedora 22 1 [OK] docker.io docker.io/cloudrunnerio/fedora 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/kino/fedora fedora base 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/krystalcode/fedora Fedora base image that includes some addit... 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/mattsch/fedora-couchpotato Fedora Couchpotato 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/mattsch/fedora-htpc Fedora HTPC 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/mattsch/fedora-nzbget Fedora NZBGet 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/mattsch/fedora-nzbhydra Fedora NZBHydra 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/mattsch/fedora-plex Fedora Plex 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/mattsch/fedora-plexpy Fedora PlexPy Container 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/mattsch/fedora-sonarr Fedora Sonarr 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/mattsch/fedora-transmission Fedora Transmission 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/opencpu/fedora Stable version of opencpu for Fedora 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/qnib/fedora Base QNIBTerminal image of fedora 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/rocproject/ci-fedora Continuous integration builds of Roc (Fedo... 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/smartentry/fedora Fedora with smartentry 0 [OK] docker.io docker.io/ustclug/fedora fedora with USTC mirror 0 [OK]
7、卸载Docker
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove docke
说明
CentOS的版本不同，安装命令会有不同，返回的数据也会不同，所以要根据自己的版本，灵活测试，希望对你有所帮助。